What are the Three Types of Tilt Sensor?

 

There are many types of tilt sensors, but they can be classified into three broad categories.

1. Tilt sensors can be divided into two types: wireless and wired inclination sensors according to the way of data transmission.

1.1 Wireless inclinometers: Common wireless inclination sensors include NB-IoT wireless inclinometer sensors and LORO wireless inclinometer sensorss. These sensors transmit tilt signals via wireless communication technology without cable connections, making them highly flexible. The main advantages of wireless tilt sensors are their flexibility and convenience. Since no wiring is required, the sensor can be easily installed anywhere it is needed, without considering the laying of cables. In addition, wireless sensors also have the advantages of high mobility, easy expansion and maintenance. What is wireless transmission, for example, ER-TS-12200-Modbus is a wireless inclinometer sensors, it does not need to use traditional cables to transmit inclination signals, but uses lithium battery power supply, through Bluetooth and ZigBee wireless transmission of inclination data. This wireless digital signal transmission method eliminates the tedious wiring and noise interference caused by long cable transmission. However, wireless sensors also have some disadvantages, such as signal quality may be affected by radio interference, and signal stability and reliability may not be as good as wired sensors. Wireless inclinometer sensors can be widely used in bridge buildings, transmission tower/signal tower tilt, dangerous buildings, ancient buildings, warehouse shelves, smart town, smart lighthouse, fan tower tilt monitoring and other scenes.

1.2 Wired inclinometer sensors: It usually uses RS485 bus or other similar bus protocols to transmit inclination signals. RS485 is a serial communication protocol widely used in the field of industrial automation, which has the advantages of noise suppression and high signal quality. The main advantage of the wired inclinometer sensors is that the signal stability is high, and the signal quality is not easy to be disturbed because of the wired transmission mode. In addition, wired sensors have a long service life, lower maintenance costs, and a lower failure rate. However, this sensor also has some disadvantages, such as the need to lay cables, high requirements for the field environment, may exist in some application scenarios wiring difficulties. The wired inclinometer sensors can be widely used in buildings, Bridges, DAMS, shield pipe jacking, rail transit, high-rise buildings, slope monitoring and other scenarios.

2. According to different working principles, tilt sensors can be divided into static and dynamic inclinometer sensorss.

2.1 Static inclinometer sensors: It is mainly used to measure the static tilt Angle of objects, such as the tilt monitoring of Bridges, dangerous buildings, power towers and other structures. ER-TS-3160VO is a static inclination sensor, which can measure the tilt Angle of the object in the static state, and can be used to check the tilt Angle of Bridges, DAMS, and monitor the Angle of various construction machinery. It has the characteristics of small size, strong impact and vibration resistance.

2.2 Dynamic inclination sensor: It is suitable for measuring the tilt Angle of an object in a dynamic environment, such as dynamic balance control in the aerospace and automotive industries.

3.According to the different measurement range, the inclination sensor can be divided into single-axis, dual-axis and three-axis inclination sensors. A single-axis inclination sensor can only measure the tilt Angle of an object on one plane, a two-axis tilt sensor can simultaneously measure the tilt Angle of an object on two planes, and a three-axis tilt sensor can simultaneously measure the tilt Angle of three dimensions.

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How to choose an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for your drone application?

An inertial measurement unit (IMU) is an electronic device that uses accelerometers and gyroscopes to measure acceleration and rotation and can be used to provide position data.

IMUs are an important component of unmanned aerial systems (UAVs, UAS, and drones) and common applications include control and stabilization, guidance and correction, measurement and testing, and mobile mapping.

Raw measurements output from an IMU (angular rate, linear acceleration, and magnetic field strength) or AHRS (roll, pitch, and yaw) can be fed into devices such as an inertial navigation system (INS) to calculate relative position, direction, and speed to help UAV navigation and control.

There are many types of IMUs, some of which incorporate magnetometers to measure magnetic field strength, but the four main technology categories for drone applications are: silicon MEMS (microelectromechanical systems), quartz MEMS, FOG (fiber optic gyroscopes), and RLG (Ring Laser Gyroscope).

Silicon MEMS IMUs are based on tiny sensors that measure the deflection of a mass due to motion, or the force required to hold the mass in place. They typically have higher noise, vibration sensitivity, and instability parameters than FOG IMUs, but as technology continues to advance, MEMS-based IMUs are becoming more accurate.

MEMS IMUs are well suited for small UAV platforms and high-volume production units because they can often be manufactured at smaller size and weight and at lower cost.

The FOG IMU uses solid-state technology based on a beam of light propagated through a coiled optical fiber. They are less sensitive to shock and vibration and have excellent thermal stability, but are susceptible to magnetic field interference. They also offer high performance in important parameters such as angular random walk, bias offset error and bias instability, making them ideal for mission-critical UAV applications such as extremely precise navigation.

The higher bandwidth also makes the FOG IMU suitable for high-speed platforms and stable. They are larger and more expensive than MEMS-based IMUs and are typically used on large UAV platforms.

The RLG IMU uses a similar technical principle to the FOG IMU, but uses a sealed ring cavity instead of an optical fiber. They are generally considered the most accurate option, but are also the most expensive IMU technology and are often much larger than alternatives.

Quartz MEMS IMUs use a one-piece inertial sensing element micromachined from quartz, driven by an oscillator to vibrate at precise amplitudes. The vibrating quartz can then be used to sense angular rate, producing a signal that can be amplified and converted into a DC signal proportional to the angular rate. These factors make it ideal for inertial systems designed for space- and power-constrained UAV environments.

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Is Tilt Sensor an Accelerometer?

 

The tilt sensor is actually an application of the acceleration sensor.

Tilt sensors and accelerometers are different in concept, and inclination sensors are tools used to measure various angle changes. Acceleration sensor is a device that can measure acceleration force.

They work differently, and the theory behind inclination sensors is based on Newton's second law, which is actually the principle that accelerometers can measure acceleration at rest. For example, the ER-TS-12200-Modbus wireless tilt sensor can directly measure the carrier tilt angle when it is stationary, with ultra-low power consumption, small size, high performance and other characteristics, suitable for industrial sites, dangerous houses, ancient buildings, civil engineering, various tower tilt deformation and other needs for remote real-time monitoring and analysis. The accelerometer is composed of an upper capacitor, a middle capacitor plate (movable) and a lower capacitor plate. When the acceleration reaches a certain value, the middle capacitor plate will move, and the distance from the upper and lower capacitor plates will change, and the upper and lower capacitors will therefore change. The capacitance change is proportional to the acceleration. After the output voltage is digitally processed, the digital signal is output.

Their application scenarios are not the same, tilt sensor as a detection tool, it has become a bridge erection, railway laying, civil engineering, oil drilling, aviation and navigation, industrial automation, intelligent platform, machining and other fields of indispensable important measuring tools.

Accelerometers can be used in steel mast structures, bridges or building structures. It can also be used to protect hard drives from damage, as well as in medical and sports equipment, cameras and camcorders, smartphones, remote controls, controllers and navigation systems.

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What does Tilt Sensor do?

 Tilt sensor can be used in various scenarios where angle measurement is required. The tilt sensor, also known as level sensor, level meter and inclination meter, is a kind of angle sensor and an acceleration sensor based on the principle of inertia. It can judge the tilt state of the equipment by detecting the tilt angle in the use environment, and when the angle deviation of the monitoring object occurs, the angle of the equipment can be detected. Tilt sensors can communicate abnormal data to managers to avoid serious incidents.

The main application areas of tilt sensors are as follows:

1. Protection and monitoring of ancient buildings

Ancient architecture can inherit civilization and is a carrier of civilization. As time goes by, their lifespan will gradually shorten. In order to better maintain ancient buildings, extend their existence life, and monitor their safety performance, high-precision tilt sensors can be applied, which can sense the swing, vibration, tilt and other small angle changes of ancient buildings.

2. Dam monitoring

Dam collapse is prone to cause serious accidents. Tilt sensors can provide a variety of data basis for people to timely obtain the changes in dam and bedrock behavior and the role of the environment on the dam, and timely send early warning signals for people's travel safety, so that people can better predict the service life of the dam, improve and maintain it in time, and ensure the safe operation of the dam during use.

3. Bridge tower inclination measurement: After day after day of use, coupled with the impact of the surrounding environment, the bridge will gradually tilt, when tilted to a certain angle, it will collapse and break. Tilt sensors can monitor subtle changes in bridges in real time, generate trends, and help people analyze the safety of roads.

4. Drilling tilt control: In drilling construction, in order to ensure fast and efficient construction quality, higher requirements are put forward for controlling the verticality of the drill pipe, especially in the case of large drilling machinery, the deeper the depth means the higher the vertical requirements of the drill pipe, if there is a slight deviation on the way to drilling, there will be quality problems. The high precision inclination sensor can help people accurately measure and convert the angle deviation of drill pipe inclination to avoid the occurrence of drilling deviation.

For example, we can use the ER-TS-3160vo to monitor ancient building, dam, bridge bridge tower of angle, it can also help people accurately measure and convert the angle deviation of the drill pipe tilt to avoid the occurrence of the drilling rig deviation. It has the characteristics of small size, strong impact and vibration resistance, especially suitable for harsh industrial environments.

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What is the biggest difference between Gyro Northfinder and gyro compass?

 North finder is a high-precision dual-shaft dynamic tuning gyro that can determine the true north direction value of the attached carrier by measuring the angular velocity of the earth's rotation. It is not affected by external magnetic fields or other environments. In addition, it can also be combined with acceleration for horizontal angle measurement and correction. The gyro north finder is mainly used for: radar, antennas, military vehicles, initial alignment and direction control.

The compass is a simple instrument used to determine the orientation. The main component is a magnetic needle that can be freely rotated on the shaft. The magnetic needle can be maintained in the tangential direction of the magnetic meridian under the action of the earth magnetic field. The north pole of the magnetic needle points to the geographic North, and this property can be used to identify the direction. It is commonly used in navigation, geodesy, travel and military affairs.

Since the structures and principles of the two types of gyro north-finding systems are different, they each have their own strengths. Therefore, based on the respective characteristics of these two types of devices, solutions can be complemented during research or use.

For example , MEMS north seeker(north finder) ER-MNS-06 (0.25°-1°) is our Smallest Size Triaxial MEMS North Seeker(north finder),and can be used in different areas where need small size north seeker(north finder).

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How to correct when there is an error in the inertial device？

 An inertial measurement unit (IMU) is an electronic device that uses accelerometers and gyroscopes to measure acceleration and rotation and can be used to provide position data.

So today we will learn how to correct the error of the inertial device?

The following are some calibration methods for reference only.

Calibration method

(1) Calibration of internal parameter error of inertial device

(2) Discrete liquid level calibration

(3) Semi-system level calibration

(4) System level calibration

Comparison of different types of calibration methods

(1) The discrete-level calibration accuracy is higher, but it depends on the turntable.

(2) The calibration accuracy at the semi-system level is the worst, but it does not rely on a turntable, has low cost and high efficiency, and meets the calibration requirements of MEMS.

(3) System-level calibration has the highest accuracy, but it is only suitable for high-precision inertial navigation calibration.

Then the ER-MIMU-01 developed by Ericco uses high-quality and reliable MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes. It communicates with the outside through RS422. The baud rate can be flexibly set between 9600~921600. The communication baud rate required by the user can be set through the communication protocol. . Equipped with X, Y, Z three-axis precision gyroscope, X, Y, Z three-axis accelerometer, with high resolution, it can output the original hexadecimal complement of X, Y, Z three-axis gyroscope and accelerometer through RS422 code data (including gyroscope hexadecimal complement) numerical temperature, angle, accelerometer hexadecimal temperature, acceleration hexadecimal complement); it can also output gyroscope and accelerometer data that have been processed by underlying calculations Floating point dimensionless value.

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Classification of North Finder

 

North finder is a compass, is used to find the north direction at a position value. Gyro north finder, also known as gyrocompass, is an inertial measurement system based on the principle of gyroscope to determine the earth’s rotation rate in the horizontal projection direction of the earth. Its north seeking process does not require external reference. In addition to the high latitude limit, it is not affected by weather, day and night, geomagnetic field and site pass conditions. Gyroscope is a kind of precision inertial measurement instrument, which is used to provide directional reference for artillery, surface-to-surface missile and ground radar and other mobile weapon systems.According to the type of gyro used, gyro finder can be divided into the following three types:

1.A north seeker with two degrees of freedom gyroscope as a earth rotation sensor (such as hanging pendulum gyro    north seeker)

2.A north seeker with a uniaxial rate gyroscope as a sensor (such as a strapdown gyro north finder)

3.Platform north seeking system

Fiber optic gyroscope is a kind of high precision inertial instrument, which can be used to indicate the orientation of the carrier and the true north direction.Use of fiber optic gyroscope measured rate of the earth from the Angle of value and the measured gyroscope and accelerometer horizontal plane Angle, through the computer solution can be obtained in the baseline and the true north direction Angle, placed on the baseline of the accelerometer find north finder attitude Angle can be detected.

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